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Herbs & Supplements

Pennyroyal

References

Anderson IB, Mullen WH, Meeker JE, Khojasteh-BakhtSC, Oishi S, Nelson SD, Blanc PD. Pennyroyal toxicity: measurement of toxic metabolite levels in two cases and review of the literature. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1996;124(8):726-734.

Anon: Pennyroyal. In: DerMarderosian A, Beutler JA, eds. Facts and Comparisons: The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis, MO, Facts and Comparisons. July 1998.

Bakerink JA, Gospe SM Jr, Dimand RJ, Eldridge MW. Multiple organ failure after ingestion of pennyroyal oil from herbal tea in two infants. Pediatrics. 1996;98(5):944-947.

Burkhard PR, Burkhardt K, Haenggeli CA, Landis T. Plant-induced seizures: reappearance of an old problem. Journal of Neurology. 1999;246(8):667-670.

Flamini G, Cioni PL, Puleio R, Morelli I, Panizzi L. Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi. Phytotherapy Research. 1999;13(4):349-351.

Gold J, Cates W Jr. Herbal abortifacients. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1980;243(13):1365-1366.

Gordon WP, Forte AJ, McMurtry RJ, Gal J, Nelson SD. Hepatotoxicity and pulmonary toxicity of pennyroyal oil and its constituent terpenes in the mouse. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 1982;65(3):413-424.

Grieve M. Pennyroyal. In: A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publishers, 1971. Available at: http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html Posted 1995. Accessed October 7, 2003.

Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, Online Edition. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2006. Available at: http://www.pharmacistsletter.com/(S(ulqz3s45omt3ag55um4kj345))/home.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=ND.

Ortiz de Urbina AV, Martin ML, Montero MJ, Carron R, Sevilla MA, San Roman L. Antihistaminic activity of pulegone on the guinea-pig ileum. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 1990;42(4):295-296.

Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: Stonesong Press; 1999.

Perez-Calderon R, Gonzalo-Garijo A, Bartolome-Zavala B, Lamilla-Yerga A, Moreno-Gaston I. Occupational contact urticaria due to pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium). Contact Dermatitis. 2007;57(4):285-286.

Rim IS, Jee CH. Acaricidal effects of herb essential oils against Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) and qualitative analysis of a herb Mentha pulegium(pennyroyal). Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2006;44(2):133-138.

Sievers AF. American pennyroyal. In: Sievers AF. The Herb Hunter's Guide. Misc. Pub. No. 77. Washington D.C. U.S. Department of Agriculture.1930.

Simon JE, Chadwick AF, Craker LE. Herbs: An Indexed Bibliography 1971-1980. Hamden, CT. Archon Books. 1984.

Soares PM, Assreuy AM, Souza EP, et al. Inhibitory effects of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium on the isolated rat myometrium. Planta Medica. 2005;71(3):214-218.

Sudekum M, Poppenga RH, Raju N, Braselton WE Jr. Pennyroyal oil toxicosis in a dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 1992;200(6):817-818.

Sullivan JB Jr, Rumack BH, Thomas H Jr, et al. Pennyroyal oil poisoning and hepatotoxicity. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1979;242(26):2873-2874.

Sztajnkrycer MD, Otten EJ, Bond GR, Lindsell CJ, Goetz RJ. Mitigation of pennyroyal oil hepatotoxicity in the mouse. Academy of Emergency Medicine. 2003;10(10):1024-1028.

Thomassen D, Slattery JT, Nelson SD. Menthofuran-dependent and independent aspects of pulegone hepatotoxicity: roles of glutathione. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1990;253(2):567-572.

Toloza AC, Zygadlo J, Cueto GM, Biurrun F, Zerba E, Picollo MI. Fumigant and repellent properties of essential oils and component compounds against permethrin-resistant Pediculus humanus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae) from Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2006;43(5):889-895.

Last Revised April, 2008

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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References